The initElements is a static method of PageFactory class which is used to initialize all the web elements located by @FindBy annotation. Thus, instantiating the Page classes easily.

What does PageFactory initElements driver this ); mean?

PageFactory. initElements() static method takes the driver instance of the given class and the class type, and returns a Page Object with its fields fully initialized.

What is difference between POM and page factory?

S.No.POMPageFactory4.’By’ annotation is used to define page objects.It uses annotation ‘FindBy’ to describe page objects.

What is Page Factory and why we use it?

Page Factory in Selenium is an inbuilt Page Object Model framework concept for Selenium WebDriver but it is very optimized. It is used for initialization of Page objects or to instantiate the Page object itself. It is also used to initialize Page class elements without using “FindElement/s.”

What is TestNG?

Definition: TestNG (Test Next Generation) is the testing framework. TestNG is inspired from JUnit and NUnit, but it has a new functionality that makes this framework more powerful and easier. TestNG is designed in such a way that it covers all the categories of tests comprising unit, functional and integration.

Is selectAllOptions () is a valid command?

In Selenium webdriver, selectAllOptions() is a valid command.

How do you handle Staleelementreferenceexception?

1. Solution 1: Refreshing the web page.
2. Solution 2: Using Try Catch Block.
3. Solution 3: Using ExpectedConditions. refreshed.
4. Solution 4: Using POM.

What is Appium field decorator?

public AppiumFieldDecorator(SearchContext context, java.time.Duration duration) Creates field decorator based on SearchContext and timeout duration . Parameters: context – is an instance of SearchContext It may be the instance of WebDriver or WebElement or Widget or some other user’s extension/implementation.

What is the difference between close and quit in Selenium?

close() closes only the current window on which Selenium is running automated tests. The WebDriver session, however, remains active. On the other hand, the driver. quit() method closes all browser windows and ends the WebDriver session.

What is TestNG in Selenium?

TestNG in Selenium is a Java testing framework, inspired by JUnit and NUnit. It overcomes the constraints and disadvantages of JUnit. … From simple unit testing to complex integrated testing, it is designed to simplify all our testing requirements such as functional testing, regression, end-to-end testing, and more.

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What is POM framework?

Page Object Model or POM is a design pattern or a framework that we use in Selenium using which one can create an object repository of the different web elements across the application. To simplify, in the Page Object Model framework, we create a class file for each web page.

What is @CacheLookup in Selenium?

@CacheLookup, as the name suggests helps us control when to cache a WebElement and when not to. This annotation, when applied over a WebElement, instructs Selenium to keep a cache of the WebElement instead of searching for the WebElement every time from the WebPage. This helps us save a lot of time.

Why POM is used in selenium?

Page Object Model, also known as POM, is a design pattern in Selenium that creates an object repository for storing all web elements. It is useful in reducing code duplication and improves test case maintenance. In Page Object Model, consider each web page of an application as a class file.

What are the advantages of pom?

• It makes ease in maintaining the code (flow in the UI is separated from verification)
• Makes code readable (Methods get more realistic names)
• Makes the code reusable (object repository is independent of test cases)
• The Code becomes less and optimised.

Which locator is faster in selenium?

IDs are the safest, fastest locator option and should always be your first choice. ID’s are supposed to be unique to each element. ID locator is faster because at its roots, it calls document.

Is TestNG only for Java?

TestNG is an open-source test automation framework for Java. It is developed on the same lines of JUnit and NUnit.

What is difference between TestNG and Selenium?

Short answer: Selenium is a testing framework to test specifically the UI of the application how it behaves on browser. TestNG is a testing framework to test the unit, functional, E2E, integration testing of the application.

Is TestNG easy to learn?

Conclusion. TestNG is a testing framework that is capable of making Selenium tests easier to understand and of generating reports that are easy to understand. The main advantages of TestNG over JUnit are the following. Annotations are easier to use and understand.

What is the difference between StaleElementReferenceException and NoSuchElementException?

1) NoSuchElementException : FindBy method can’t find the element. 2) StaleElementReferenceException : This tells that element is no longer appearing on the DOM page. 3) TimeoutException: This tells that the execution is failed because the command did not complete in enough time.

What is drag and drop in selenium?

What is Drag and Drop in Selenium? This action is performed using a mouse when a user moves (drags) a web element from one location and then places (drops) it at another point. This is a common action used in Windows Explorer when moving a file from one folder to another.

What are the interview questions for selenium?

• What is Selenium? …
• What are the different Selenium suite Components? …
• Why should I use Selenium? …
• What is the major difference between Selenium 3.0 and Selenium 2.0? …
• What do you mean by Selenese? …
• How many parameters do selenium commands have at a minimum?

Which methods navigates to a URL?

Selenium WebDriver provides methods to navigate to a url; these are driver. get() and driver. navigate().to() . There is also another way to navigate to a url and that is by using the WebDriver’s Javascript Executor, as shown in this example.

Does screenshot method create with driver object?

Step 1) Create an Ashot object and call takeScreenshot() method if you just want the screenshot for the screen size page. Screenshot screenshot = new Ashot(). takeScreenshot(driver); … Step 2): Now, get the image from the screenshot and write it to the file.

What are the browsers supported by Selenium IDE?

Browsers supported by selenium are: Google chrome, Internet explorer 7 onwards, Safari, Opera, Firefox.

What is the difference between verify and assert in selenium?

Assert: If the assert condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution will stop and further test step will not be executed. whereas, Verify: There won’t be any halt in the test execution even though the verify condition is true or false.

What is difference between navigate and get in selenium?

get() is used to navigate particular URL(website) and wait till page load. driver. navigate() is used to navigate to particular URL and does not wait to page load. It maintains browser history or cookies to navigate back or forward.

What is difference between findElement and findElements?

findElementfindElementsReturns the first matching web element if multiple web elements are discovered by the locatorReturns a list of multiple matching web elements

Where is TestNG used?

TestNG is a testing framework for the Java programming language created by Cédric Beust and inspired by JUnit and NUnit. The design goal of TestNG is to cover a wider range of test categories: unit, functional, end-to-end, integration, etc., with more powerful and easy-to-use functionalities.

What are the benefits of TestNG?

• It gives the ability to produce HTML Reports of execution.
• Annotations made testers life easy.
• Test cases can be Grouped & Prioritized more easily.
• Parallel testing is possible.
• Generates Logs.
• Data Parameterization is possible.

What is TestNG class?

In TestNG framework, we need to create Testng xml file to create and handle multiple test classes. … TestNG. xml file is an XML file which contains all the Test configuration and this XML file can be used to run and organize our test. TestNG eclipse plugin can be used to automatically generate testng.

What is Apache POI Selenium?

Apache POI is the most commonly used API for Selenium data driven tests. POI is a set of library files that gives an API to manipulate Microsoft documents like . xls and . xlsx. It lets you create, modify, read and write data into Excel.