Portal – The structure surrounding the immediate entrance to a mine; the mouth of an adit or tunnel.

What is a coal mine portal?

The C.O.A.L. Mine portal allows stakeholders to electronically submit documents to existing black lung case files. Electronically submitted documents will be available to DCMWC claims staff the day of submission, thus eliminating the delays associated with postal mail.

What are tunnels in a mine called?

All horizontal or subhorizontal development openings made in a mine have the generic name of drift. These are simply tunnels made in the rock, with a size and shape depending on their use—for example, haulage, ventilation, or exploration.

What is an entrance to a mine called?

(from Latin aditus, entrance) is an entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal, by which the mine can be entered, drained of water, ventilated, and minerals extracted at the lowest convenient level. Adits are also used to explore for mineral veins.

What is the boss of a mine called?

In metal mining, a foreman who supervises the extraction, hauling, and hoisting of ore in a mine. Also called ground boss.

What is a stope in a mine?

stoping, in mining engineering, the opening of large underground rooms, or stopes, by the excavation of ore. Stoping is practiced in underground mineral mining when the surrounding rock is strong enough to permit the drilling, blasting, and removal of ore without caving.

What are the parts of a mine?

The main mine components are the mine workings, tailings and waste rock. Mine Components Mine Drainage / Impact? The different physical and chemical properties and depositional environments of mine components result in different hydrological and geochemical conditions.

What is a cross cut in mining?

(1) An underground mining excavation driven between two mine shafts or tunnels when a deposit of a useful mineral is opened. (2) The term given to operations designed to join two underground mining excavations with each other or to connect an excavation with the surface.

What is a tunnel adit?

An adit is a nearly-horizontal passage or tunnel that provides access to and from underground workings in a tunnel.

What is a rib in mining?

In mining, a rib pillar separates one stope from the other and is aligned transverse of the stope, perpendicular to the strike. It is used in mines to increase the strata stability of the stope and support the raises, winzes or shaft of the mine.

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How tall are mine tunnels?

The front of the equipment has a series of tungsten steel augur bits about 10 feet wide that dig into the coal and rock creating a “tunnel” approximately 10 feet wide and anywhere from 31″ to 54″ tall depending on the height of the coal seam (the seam we were in averaged about 44″ high).

What is an incline in mining?

Incline – Any entry to a mine that is not vertical (shaft) or horizontal (adit). Often incline is reserved for those entries that are too steep for a belt conveyor (+17 degrees -18 degrees), in which case a hoist and guide rails are employed. A belt conveyor incline is termed a slope.

What does the headgear of a mine do?

Mine headgear constructions support wheel mechanisms for suspending winding cables that transport workers and ore up and down deep level shafts. These strange anthropomorphic structures have become the iconic symbol for mining.

What is a mine shifter?

i. In bituminous coal mining, a general term for workers who assist brattice men, repairmen, timbermen, and other workers not engaged in the actual mining of coal.

What is the top of a mine shaft called?

The most visible feature of a traditionally-built mine shaft is the headframe (or winding tower, poppet head or pit head) which stands above the shaft. Depending on the type of hoist used, the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel (with the hoist motor mounted on the ground).

Is mining illegal?

Illegal mining is mining activity that is undertaken without state permission, in particular in absence of land rights, mining licenses, and exploration or mineral transportation permits. … On an international level, approximately 80 percent of small-scale mining operations can be categorized as illegal.

What are the 4 types of mining?

There are four main mining methods: underground, open surface (pit), placer, and in-situ mining.

What locations are vulnerable to mining?

Overlap between mining areas and important ecosystems is apparent in Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Unprotected, high value ecosystems are most vulnerable to the impacts from mining. Protected areas, areas of ecological value, and stressed watersheds are considered vulnerable.

What is a Winze in a mine?

A winze is a minor connection between different levels in a mine. When worked upwards from a lower level it is usually called a raise; when sunk downward from a higher level it may be called a sump. The top of a winze is located underground and it is not equipped with winding gear.

What is sublevel caving?

Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method in which the ore is drilled and blasted while the waste rock caves and fills the space created by the extraction of ore (Cokayne 1982. … The ore body is divided into vertical intervals called sublevel intervals.

What are the 3 types of mines?

Open-pit, underwater, and underground mining. These are the three main methods of mining we use to extract our products from the ground.

What is difference between shaft and adit?

is that shaft is (lb) the entire body of a long weapon, such as an arrow while adit is a horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine as contrasted to a shaft which is a vertical entry passage an adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.

What are the disadvantages of underground mining?

Although there are opponents and proponents of underground mining, the disadvantages include destruction of land, surface subsidence, abandoned shafts, extensive surface spoil heaps, mine explosions, collapses and flooding. That doesn’t incorporate the costly price tag that comes with underground mining.

How is shaft mining done?

Shaft mining is the process where miners dig straight down, or almost straight down, until they reach their desired depth. Then the mine begins to branch out in all directions. Miners will enter or exit a mine through a lift or elevator installed where the initial vertical tunnel was originally.

What is level interval?

i. The vertical distance between the levels turned off the shaft in metal mines for ore intersection and development.

What is a bench in mining?

In mining, a bench is a narrow, strip of land cut into the side of an open-pit mine. These step-like zones are created along the walls of an open-pit mine for access and mining.

What is bench in opencast mining?

A ledge that, in open-pit mine and quarries, forms a single level of operation above which minerals or waste materials are excavated from a contiguous bank or bench face.

What is crown pillar?

A crown pillar, defined as a rock mass situated above an uppermost stope of the mine, can be one of two types: a “surface crown pillar” and “crown pillar between open pit and underground”.

What is the temperature in an underground mine?

For initial mine air and mine strata surface temperatures of 15.6 °C (60 °F) with an initial mine strata temperature of 10.0 °C (50 °F) at a depth of 1.8 m (6 ft), the calculated apparent temperature is 32.6 °C (90.6 °F) (case 3).

How long do miners stay underground?

Miners usually work shifts, and they can be on for 10 days in a row. Some head down before sunrise and return anywhere from seven to 12 hours later.

How is underground mining carried out?

Relatively costly and frequently used to get to deeper deposits, underground mining involves digging down into the earth and creating tunnels and shafts that reach the deposits of resources. Ore and other resources can then be brought up to the surface for processing, while waste rock can be removed for disposal.